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Innovative Depression Treatments Many sufferers of depression find it difficult to find a treatment that they can take. Some sufferers have a low response to medication or have intolerable adverse effects. Table 2 shows that intrinsic health benefits of scaling up effective coverage are substantial. The discounted value of these benefits is $399 billion for depression and $169 billion for anxiety disorders. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) TMS utilizes a magnetic field to deliver brief pulses of current to certain brain regions that are believed to be overactive in depression patients. The treatment is non-invasive and does not require any anesthesia. It's also extremely efficient and well-tolerated when as compared to antidepressant drugs. For TMS treatment, a person sits in a dentist-like chair and remains awake. A trained technician places a small device with a magnetic coil against the head's front. The coil is able to pulse rapidly, and the person may feel or hear a clicking sound on their scalp. Each magnetic pulse is known as a “pulse” and the frequency of the pulses (measured in hertz or Hz) can vary from low (1 pulse per second) to high (10 pulses per second). The treatment isn't painful however the magnetic field can affect the cells that are located in the outer layer. It depolarizes cortical neurons and the resulting transynaptic changes can influence deeper regions of the brain involved in mood. For instance, higher frequency TMS over the left DLPFC can increase mesolimbic neurons which regulate emotional responses. TMS can be utilized as an alternative to psychiatric medication Some insurance plans provide coverage for the treatment. It's important to check with your insurance company to find out what your specific plan covers. In clinical studies, TMS showed significant and sustained improvements to depression symptoms when compared with a placebo. During a TMS treatment program the patient can undergo up to 30 sessions over a couple of weeks. Patients suffering from more severe depression may need more time to complete their treatment. Some of the newest TMS treatments use low-frequency pulses, which is less likely to trigger adverse effects like seizures. Although the procedure is considered to be experimental, it's a promising treatment for people who don't respond to psychotherapy or antidepressants. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) The brain's natural chemical systems are rebalanced with ECT. It is among the most efficient and safe treatments for depression. It can also be used to treat other mental health disorders such as schizophrenia. The ECT procedure is performed by medical professionals and occurs in a separate room at the hospital, or an outpatient treatment centre. Before the procedure, a general anaesthetic will be administered to ensure there is no discomfort. The ECT team will connect monitoring equipment to keep track of your heart rate and blood pressure, oxygen levels and brain waves. depression treatment for adults will be provided with an anti-muscle relaxant and a mouthguard to safeguard your teeth. Two discs made of metal (bilateral ECT) or a single disc (unilateral ECT) is positioned on your head, one on each side or in the middle of your forehead. The anaesthetist then gives you an injection of medication that will put you to sleep. You will be woken up in the ECT suite and a member from the ECT team will meet with you and answer any questions you may have. Before you are treated you will be asked to sign the consent form. It is recommended to bring a friend or relative with you when you learn about ECT, as it can be difficult to take in all the information in one go. You should be given at least 24 hours to think about the treatment before having to decide. During the procedure you will suffer brief seizures or fits lasting between 40 seconds to 2 minutes. The ECT doctor will alter the frequency of your electric pulses depending on how you respond. It is likely that you will have short sessions of ECT, usually 6-12 sessions, twice a week. There isn't a single theory about how ECT is performed however, it does cause the release of certain chemicals that help your brain cells communicate with each with each other. It also appears to alter how parts of your brain grow. ECT is effective in treating severe depressions, suicidal feelings and catatonia secondary depression as well as other psychiatric conditions. Research has shown that half of patients who have ECT get better and stay well for a year or more. It is particularly beneficial for those who haven't responded to medication and other psychosocial treatments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS). Deep brain stimulation is a surgical procedure which involves the placement of electrodes in the brain. The electrodes are connected to a tiny neurostimulator which delivers electric impulses to the region of the brain responsible for your symptoms. The pulses may help to relieve your symptoms and improve your quality of life. DBS can treat many ailments, including movement disorders like essential tremor or Parkinson's as well as mental health conditions like obsessional-compulsive disorder and depression. It can also help reduce seizures in people suffering from epilepsy. It is also able to treat extreme pain caused by brain and nerve disorders. DBS is an option to be used in conjunction with ECT or other treatments for TRD. However, it is important to note that not all patients can benefit from DBS. Some patients don't experience any improvement in their symptoms, while others may even have worsening of their depression. This lack of response is likely to be caused by a combination of factors, including patient-related factors like personality traits or psychiatric comorbidity, and clinical factors, such as incorrect diagnosis or inadequate DBS treatment. The researchers employed an algorithm that uses machine learning to identify changes in LFPs which were observed during intraoperative DBS exposure. The results revealed that the reduction in depression symptoms was linked with changes in beta power. These findings suggest that DBS can be used to predict antidepressant effects. This hypothesis needs to be confirmed by further research. Although DBS is a proven treatment for movement disorders and a growing array of psychiatric disorders, it is not well recognized as a reliable depression treatment. The FDA has approved DBS to help reduce seizures in patients with difficult-to-treat epilepsy. Research is currently being conducted to determine if DBS is effective in treating depression. It is recommended to discuss the DBS procedure with a neurologist before undergoing it. Your neurologist examines you and recommends the best treatment for you. The doctor will also advise you of the potential risks and benefits associated with DBS. Additionally you should inquire about any tests or preparations you may need before the procedure. You will probably need an imaging test, blood test and other tests prior to the procedure. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Cognitive behavioral therapy has been proven to be effective in numerous outcomes studies. It is often employed as a stand-alone treatment, however it can be combined with medications in certain instances. CBT is a kind of psychotherapy that helps you learn to change the negative attitudes and thoughts that contribute to depression. It is based upon the notion that how you perceive and react to situations is more important than the situation itself. It is an active type of psychotherapy which focuses on problem-solving by identifying and modifying unhelpful thinking patterns, and identifying the maladaptive thought patterns. The aim of CBT is to help you become your own therapy by helping you understand and change the ways you think and behave. It uses exercises and home sessions as well as out of session to help you learn new techniques. CBT focuses on the present issues and problems and not on past experiences or the root causes. However, it requires some knowledge about your history to understand and address problems in the present. CBT is a fairly short-term therapy, typically lasting 6-20 sessions. It is an empirically grounded therapy and its duration is determined by the extent to which you are achieving the goals set at the beginning of the therapy. It is a highly active and demanding therapy that demands the highest level of commitment and effort from you. There are a myriad of other types of cognitive behavioral therapies that could be beneficial for you, such as acceptance and commitment therapy, which helps you to take positive actions even when you have negative thoughts or emotions as well as dialectical behavior therapy, designed to tackle self-injury and suicidal thinking as well as interpersonal psychotherapy which is aimed at resolving relationships that contribute to your depression. There are a variety of exciting new treatments coming up which promise to revolutionize treatment for people with depression. There are some that are already in use for use, like deep brain stimulation, where a surgeon implants electrodes in your brain, which send out painful zaps that alter the electrical activity contributing to your symptoms. However, many other advancements are still in the research phase, such as personalized medicine for depression, which could eventually end the trial-and-error method of finding what works best for you.